RESUMO
Tumor heterogeneity is the concept that different tumor cells provide distinct biomorphological lesions, gene expressions, proliferation, microenvironment and graduated capacity of metastatic lesions. Brain tumor heterogeneity has been recently discussed about the interesting interaction of chronic inflammation, microenvironment, epigenetics and glioma steam cells. Brain tumors remain a challenge with regards to medication and disease, due to the lack of treatment options and unsatisfactory results. These results might be the result of the brain tumor heterogeneity and its multiple resistance mechanisms to chemo and radiotherapy.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/citologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Heterogeneidade Genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Glioma/genética , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Nicho de Células-Tronco/genética , Microambiente Tumoral , Evolução Clonal/genética , Microambiente Celular/genética , RNA-SeqRESUMO
Evolución clonal en la leucemia mieloide crónica se denomina a la presencia de alteraciones cromosómicas adicionales al cromosoma Filadelfia. Ocurre aproximadamente en el 30 por ciento de los pacientes en fase acelerada y en el 80 por ciento de los pacientes en crisis blástica. Es considerada un criterio de la fase acelerada de la enfermedad. Aunque se plantea que su presencia implica peor pronóstico, su significado es controversial y está en dependencia de la alteración citogenética específica, su frecuencia en el cariotipo, la asociación con otras alteraciones citogenéticas y clínicas de progresión, relación con el tiempo en que aparece en la evolución de la enfermedad y los tratamientos empleados
Clonal evolution in chronic myeloid leukemia is defined as the presence of a variety of additional, nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities besides the Philadelfia chromosome. It occurs in approximately 30 percent of patients in accelerated phase and 80 percent of patients in blastic phase. It is considered a criterion for accelerated phase. Although it is associated with a poor prognosis, its significance is controversial. It depends on the specific cytogenetic abnormality, its frequency in karyotype study, the association with other progression clinical and cytogenetic alterations, its relationship with the time of appearance during the course of the disease and the therapy used